Benzodiazepine
BZO
Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs primarily prescribed for their sedative, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), muscle-relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects. They work by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain that promotes calmness and reduces overactivity in the nervous system. Commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizures, and muscle spasms, benzodiazepines are available under both brand and generic names, such as Xanax (alprazolam), Valium (diazepam), and Ativan (lorazepam). While effective when used as directed, they carry a risk of dependence, misuse, and withdrawal symptoms, especially with prolonged or high-dose use.
Cut-Off Levels (ng/mL)
200, 300 ng/mL (Urine)
50, 300 ng/mL (Saliva)
Window of Detection
2 Hr. – 3 Days (Urine)
1 – 2 Days (Saliva)
How is it Used?
Benzodiazepine can only be obtained, legally, with a prescription from a licensed medical practitioner and is most often given in tablet form to be taken orally. The drug has gained popularity in recreational use and where users will sometimes crush the tablet to be insufflated nasally, injected, or inhaled when burned.
What are the Effects?
Benzodiazepines suppress the central nervous system causing sever drowsiness and sleepiness. Amnesia and spouts of memory lapse are common among users and these effects are increased with larger doses.
What does it Look Like?
Benzodiazepines are commonly available as prescription medications in various forms, designed for ease of use and controlled dosing. They are most often seen as tablets or capsules, but some formulations also include liquids or injectable solutions for medical use. Illicit versions may mimic the appearance of prescription drugs but can vary significantly. Common forms include:
- Tablets: Small, round, or oval pills in a range of colors, often with identifying imprints.
- Capsules: Gelatin-coated forms containing powder or liquid.
- Liquid: Clear solutions for oral administration.
- Injectable Solutions: Clear or slightly colored liquid used in clinical settings.
- Illicit Versions: Counterfeit pills that resemble prescription drugs but may differ in size, color, or markings.
Packaging for legal prescriptions typically includes labeled bottles or blister packs, while illicit forms are often sold in unmarked containers or bags.
Rapid Testing Options
- Integrated Urine Cup Test
- Urine Dip Card Test
- Oral Fluid Test
Common Symptoms
- Drowsiness
- Sleepiness
- Amnesia
- Irritability
- Vidid Dreams
- Shallow Respiration
- Dilated Pupils
- Week and Rapid Pulse
- Coma
- Death
Common Street Names
- Benzos
- Zannies
- Zanny Bars
- Bars, Dozers
- Mind Erasers
Legal Status
Schedule III under the Controlled Substances Act.
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