Morphine

MOP

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Primary Products

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DrugSURE® Integrated Test Cups

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DrugSURE® Dip Tests

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OralTox® Oral Fluid Tests

ng/ml

Cut-Off Levels

Rapid Urine Test: 300, 500, 1,000 ng/mL

Rapid Oral Fluid Test: 25 ng/mL

WOD

Window of Detection Times

Urine Specimen: 1 – 3 Days

Rapid Oral Fluid Test: 48 Hours

What is Morphine?

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic derived from the opium poppy and is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the U.S. Medically, it is prescribed to manage moderate to severe pain, particularly in post-operative care, trauma settings, cancer pain, and palliative care. Pharmaceutical morphine is available as tablets, capsules, oral solutions, and injectable formulations, often appearing as white or colored tablets, clear liquids, or sterile solutions in vials.

Illicit or recreational morphine typically originates from diverted prescription supplies. Users may swallow, crush and snort pills, or inject liquid formulations to achieve rapid euphoria and sedation. Recreational misuse carries high risk due to morphine’s strong respiratory-depressant effects and its significant potential for dependence and overdose.

Effects:

Pain relief and reduced perception of discomfort
Euphoria or sense of well-being
Drowsiness and sedation
Slowed breathing and decreased respiratory drive
Constricted (pinpoint) pupils
Nausea or vomiting
Constipation
Itching or flushed skin
Impaired coordination and mental clouding
Risk of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal

Common Slang Terms:

M
Miss Emma
Dreamer
God’s Drug
Morph
Unkie
Monkey
White stuff
Emsel
First line

Legal Status:

Morphine’s classification as a Schedule II controlled substance reflects its accepted medical usefulness but also its high potential for abuse, dependence, and diversion. Because morphine is a primary opioid marker, it is routinely included in standard drug-testing panels for workplaces, treatment centers, government programs, and correctional settings. In point-of-care rapid toxicology devices, morphine is typically detected as part of the OPI (opiate) drug class, which also encompasses codeine and certain metabolites.

In testing environments, a positive morphine screen can indicate illicit opioid use, legitimate prescription use, or metabolite overlap from related substances (e.g., heroin metabolizes into morphine). Therefore, POC programs must follow consistent procedures for confirmation testing to differentiate medical exposure from non-prescribed or illicit use. This ensures compliance with regulatory standards—especially in DOT-regulated or safety-sensitive industries—and supports accurate, defensible decision-making.