Ketamine

What is Ketamine?

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that affects the central nervous system by blocking NMDA receptors, producing pain relief, sedation, and a sense of detachment from one’s body or surroundings. Medically, ketamine is FDA-approved primarily as an anesthetic in surgical and emergency settings and is also used in controlled clinical environments for treatment-resistant depression. In these cases, it is administered as a clear injectable liquid or, in the case of esketamine (a related compound), as a nasal spray.

Recreational ketamine typically appears as a white or off-white powder, crystals (“K-crystals”), or diverted liquid intended for injection. It is commonly snorted, but may also be swallowed, injected, or placed in beverages. Recreational use induces dissociation, hallucinations, impaired coordination, and memory disruption, and at high doses can result in the “K-hole,” a state of extreme disconnection and immobilization. Illicit ketamine use carries significant risks including bladder damage, cognitive impairment, dependence, and dangerous interactions with alcohol or other depressants.

Effects:

• Dissociation or feeling detached from one’s body

• Hallucinations or altered perception

• Reduced sensitivity to pain

• Impaired motor coordination

• Confusion or memory loss

• Elevated heart rate and blood pressure

• Nausea or vomiting

• Slowed breathing at high doses

• Risk of dependence with repeated use

• Long-term bladder issues (“ketamine bladder”)