Bath Salt
MDVP – Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
What is MDVP?
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a powerful synthetic stimulant belonging to the class of drugs known as synthetic cathinones. It acts on the central nervous system by sharply increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels, leading to intense stimulation, euphoria, and, at higher doses, severe behavioral disturbances. MDPV is not approved for any medical use, and all versions found in the U.S. are illicit. It often appears as a crystalline powder that can be white, off-white, brownish, or even tan. Products have historically been falsely marketed as “bath salts,” “plant food,” or “research chemicals” to evade regulation.
MDPV is typically sold in small packets or baggies and may be ingested, snorted, smoked, or injected. Because it is produced in clandestine labs, purity and potency vary dramatically, increasing the risk of unpredictable and dangerous effects. Recreational users may seek MDPV for its intense stimulant and euphoric properties, but the drug is well-known for triggering severe agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, violent behavior, and medical emergencies. Its unpredictable pharmacology and highly addictive nature make it one of the more dangerous synthetic stimulants encountered in emergency and toxicology settings.
Effects:
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Intense euphoria and extreme stimulation
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Rapid heart rate and dangerously elevated blood pressure
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Severe agitation, anxiety, and restlessness
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Extreme paranoia or delusional thinking
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Hallucinations (visual or auditory)
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Hyperthermia (dangerously high body temperature)
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Muscle tension, tremors, or seizures
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Insomnia and prolonged wakefulness
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Compulsive redosing and high addiction potential
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Violent behavior or psychosis requiring medical intervention
Commons Slang Terms:
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Bath salts
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Plant food
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Ivory Wave
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Vanilla Sky
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Cloud Nine
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White Lightning
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Flakka
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Bloom
Legal Status:
MDPV is a Schedule I controlled substance, meaning it is fully illegal in the U.S. and has no recognized medical use. This classification places it in the same regulatory category as heroin, LSD, and MDMA. Because it is illegal to possess or distribute, its detection is relevant in probation programs, court-ordered monitoring, treatment facilities, and certain workplace or safety-sensitive environments when synthetic drug use is a concern.
However, not all point-of-care rapid toxicology devices detect MDPV or other synthetic cathinones, because these substances are chemically diverse and evolve rapidly. Many programs rely on specialized lab-based testing or expanded screening panels when synthetic stimulants are suspected. For monitoring programs that face elevated risk (e.g., corrections, drug courts, treatment centers), confirming the ability to detect bath salts is crucial because users often do not know exactly which compound they consumed.
In settings where MDPV screening is relevant, programs typically use a combination of:
Rapid “synthetic cathinone” panels (if available), and Laboratory confirmation testing (LC/MS or GC/MS), due to high specificity requirements.
Screening Options:
LEGEND
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